RESUMEN
An unidentified source of increased intracranial pressure is a hallmark of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), also referred to as pseudotumor cerebri. It mainly affects young, obese women, yet it can happen to anyone, regardless of age, gender, or weight. IIH presents with symptoms such as headaches, visual disturbances, and pulsatile tinnitus and can lead to severe complications, including vision loss, if left untreated. Diagnosis involves clinical evaluation, neuroimaging, and lumbar puncture, while management options include medical interventions and surgical procedures. This review provides a comprehensive overview of IIH, including its etiology, clinical presentation, epidemiology, complications, management approaches, and challenges. Increased awareness among healthcare professionals, standardized diagnostic criteria, and further research efforts are essential for improving outcomes and quality of life for individuals with IIH.
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Internet addiction is a pervasive and complex issue that has gained increasing attention in the digital age. This comprehensive review provides an in-depth exploration of clinical interventions and modalities for managing internet addiction. It begins by examining the diagnostic criteria and assessment tools used to identify internet addiction, highlighting the diverse subtypes and varying degrees of severity. Subsequently, the review delves into various clinical interventions, including psychotherapeutic approaches like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), and mindfulness-based interventions. Pharmacological interventions, technology-based tools, and integrative approaches are also thoroughly analyzed. The review also outlines various treatment settings and modalities such as inpatient treatment centers, outpatient clinics, telehealth, support groups, and prevention programs for schools and communities. Furthermore, it discusses the efficacy and challenges associated with managing internet addiction, emphasizing the need for effective interventions, relapse prevention, ethical considerations, and addressing stigma and access barriers. In conclusion, the review offers practical implications for clinical practice. It emphasizes future research's importance in refining diagnostic criteria, exploring emerging technologies, and adapting interventions to an ever-evolving digital landscape. This comprehensive review is a valuable resource for clinicians, researchers, and policymakers seeking to understand and address the complexities of internet addiction.
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Trance and possession disorder (TPD) is an intriguing and complex phenomenon in the realm of psychology and psychiatry. Trance is characterized by a state of temporary marked alteration in the state of consciousness without replacement by an alternate identity, with either a narrowing of awareness of immediate surroundings or behaviors that are beyond one's control. Possession is defined as an episode of alteration in the state of consciousness with the replacement of the customary sense of personal identity by a new identity, identified by the patient or his entourage as the spirit of an animal, a deceased individual, a deity, or a power. This often manifests culturally and contextually, varying in intensity and duration across different societies and belief systems, which could be due to an interplay of emotional stress and repressed emotions, domestic discord, or sociocultural issues. We report a case from Maharashtra, India, involving a patient diagnosed with TPD with underlying dysthymia. This case also highlights the complex interplay between these two psychiatric conditions and how managing one condition subsequently ceased the trance episodes.
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Devic's disease, commonly known as neuromyelitis optica (NMO), is a rare relapsing autoimmune illness of the central nervous system. Occasionally, it is associated with other autoimmune diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Dry mouth and dry eyes are two symptoms of SS, a chronic autoimmune condition marked by inflammation and dysfunction of the exocrine gland. While SS primarily affects the exocrine glands, it can also manifest with a range of extraglandular features, including neurological manifestations, as in our case where the patient initially presented with neurological symptoms and was diagnosed with NMO. Owing to the persistent relapses along with sicca symptoms that occurred late, SS was diagnosed on further evaluation. Although the association of SS with NMO is not very common, the initial presentation of SS with neurological symptoms, as in our case, is what makes it more unique.
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This comprehensive review examines the intricate landscape of body image dissatisfaction (BID) in rural India, shedding light on the multifaceted factors influencing individual perceptions and societal expectations. Delving into cultural nuances, economic disparities, and gender-specific experiences, the study highlights the pervasive nature of BID across diverse age groups. Unveiling the complex interplay between BID and psychiatric co-morbidities, such as depression and anxiety, underscores the urgency of integrated mental health interventions. The review concludes with a resounding call to action for policymakers, healthcare professionals, and communities. It advocates for culturally sensitive mental health policies, targeted healthcare training, and community-driven initiatives to foster environments conducive to positive body image and mental well-being. By acknowledging these challenges and committing to collaborative solutions, this review aims to contribute to developing comprehensive strategies that address BID in rural India and pave the way for healthier and more resilient communities.
RESUMEN
Delusional parasitosis (DP) is a psychiatric condition characterized by the false belief of skin infestation. However, the coexistence of medical conditions, such as iron deficiency anemia, may complicate the clinical presentation and treatment approach. The present case provides an overview of the challenges faced with the diagnosis and management of DP in a patient with a co-morbid medical condition. It highlights the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration in achieving a favorable outcome. Through this case, we shed light on the possible multifactorial origins of DP and emphasize the importance of a comprehensive approach to care for patients with this condition. It also underscores the need for timely recognition and appropriate treatment to improve the quality of life for individuals affected by this debilitating psychiatric condition.
